What is Cardano?
Cardano (ADA) is a Proof-of-Stake blockchain that was founded by Charles Hoskinson, one of Ethereum's original co-founders. It launched in 2017 and is developed through an unusually research-heavy process - core protocol changes are typically accompanied by peer-reviewed academic papers.
Cardano's architecture separates the settlement layer (which tracks ADA balances) from the computation layer (which executes smart contracts). It uses a Proof-of-Stake protocol called Ouroboros and supports native multi-asset accounting - tokens on Cardano are first-class ledger entries rather than smart-contract state.
How does Cardano work?
Ouroboros divides time into epochs and slots. Slot leaders are elected probabilistically in proportion to their stake, and the network's 3,000+ stake pools distribute staking rewards to delegators each epoch. Anyone can run a pool, and delegators are free to move ADA between pools at any time.
Cardano's Plutus smart-contract platform is based on the functional programming language Haskell. This higher-assurance approach is intentionally slower to roll out features, but is designed to reduce the class of bugs that have led to large exploits on other chains.